Discounted Cash Flow (DCF): What is it?

Himanshu Singh

Reviewed by

Himanshu Singh 堵水Editorial Board

Expertise:Investment Banking | Private Equity

ADiscounted Cash FloworDCFis one of the most important methods used to value a company. ADCFis carried out by estimating the total value of all future cash flows (both inflowing and outflowing), and then discounting them (usually using Weighted Average Cost of Capital – WACC) to find a present value of that cash. The aim of a discounted cash flow is to estimate the total amount of cash you will receive from an investment, and if this value is higher than the cost of the investment, it is usually worth doing. The process behind creating aDCFmodel is as follows:

  • Project Future Cash Flows- this is usually done from a 3-statement projection model or by using simple assumptions about Revenue, Tax, Depreciation, Amortization etc and calculating free cash flow from there
  • Calculate the Discount Rate- this is either taken to be a simple percentage or is calculated usingWACC
  • Discount Future Cash Flows- either by using the Mid-Year discount or a simple discount period, it is fairly simple to calculate the present value of future cash flows
  • Estimate Terminal Value- Terminal Value is then estimated either by using a terminal exit multiple (usually anEBITDAmultiple) or with a Terminal Growth Rate (Gordon Growth Method)
  • Find the Net Present Value- to find the net present value simply discount the terminal value (again usingWACCor a simple %) and then add that to the sum of the discounted cash flow values
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Himanshu Singhis a member of堵水Editorial Boardwhich helps ensure the accuracy of content across top articles on Wall Street Oasis. Prior to joining UBS as an Investment Banker, Himanshu worked as an Investment Associate for Exin Capital Partners Limited, participating in all aspects of the investment process, including identifying new investment opportunities, detailed due diligence, financial modeling & LBO valuation and presenting investment recommendations internally. Himanshu holds an MBA from the Indian Institute of Management and a Bachelor of Engineering from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology This content was originally created by memberWallStreetOasis.comand has evolved with the help of our mentors.