It may curve in population, birth rates are already going down in several of those countries.

If these countries get more modernized and introduced to advanced contraception while breaking away from the tradition of having 6 kids, it will curve. (I heard Bill Gates was delivering condoms to them with drones)

If not, I guess learn French and English instead of Chinese for future language.

Need to fix their electricity network first. South Africa is the first gateway into the continent, and even their grid is a mess. Around 70% of all Africans have no access to electricity.

Dead aid book chief

It can be done. It depends on a mixture of properly using investments, increasing desire/emphasis for political stability and increased urbanisation. You have to consider that progress is also relative to your neighbours. Even in Europe countries like Spain, Portugal or Italy have infrastructure issues compared to Scandinavia or BeNeLux. Countries like the DRC will certainly have a lot more work to do than say South Africa or Egypt but they can get there. Health also plays a large role in this. If communicable disease are still a big issues and kill of a large portion of your workforce halfway or 2/3 of the way into their liveable years then that hinders progress. As sanitation improves, cultural changes happen and political regimes become less totalitarian improvements will come. South America was pretty fucked in the 1900s and now they are doing MUCH better, Europe was also doing so so in the 1800s. It all takes time. Asian is a perfect case study; sure countries like Myanmar or Laos are still behind but others like Korea, Japan and Thailand have made significant improvement. It's a matter of time. I think by 2100 it will be well on it's way to serious improvements but may need until 2200 to really hit that excellence mark.

将保持低迷,中国正朝着快速with the equivalent of predatory loans for infrastructure and development projects, think ports, rail stations etc.. when the countries default china will essentially take possession of the projects solidifying their presence in the region. This will be allowed to happen by the dictators that are in power in the region due to corruption and bribes and will result in a geopolitical win for china within the next 100 years. after that they will use the Africans for cheap labor and resources to fuel their own economy like america did to china in previous years.

Projections on a single African country is hard by itself, it's quite ambitious to even frame that question for all the countries. In the 1950s and 60s many cities were considered modern on par with some European countries, but the infrastructure remained without major upgrades in some countries. Mauritius, Angola,SA, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Tanzania, would probably laugh at your question; but it hints at the enormous complexity of viewing the countries there as "Africa". You can't look at it like a continent. Some countries will have conflict, as others enjoy enormous wealth, while others struggle with stagnant economies and other disparities; there's too much going on to capture in one mind or even frame. Simple answer is we don't know. Expect anything and to have your expectations proven wrong. That's Africa for you.

Infrastructure private equity.Blackstone.

If those population estimates turn out to be accurate and other nations outside Africa maintain smaller but steady growth rates, this is gonna be one overcrowded planet.

This will certainly be the major challenge of the century. Quite frankly, I only care how Africa develops insofar as it saves Europe & the USA from even more mass migration from the disaster of a continent it is. Don't get me wrong, it's sad to see a continent with environmental degradation, stubborn poverty, and the like, but we should be even more concerned with the potentiality of ruining Western Civilization by importing millions of these people here as many on the Left and in the Globalist establishment would like to do.

Africa will never improve period. This is after living there for 9 years and having the opportunity to speak with numerous political and military leaders. In 2100, it will be a swamp that not even President Trump can drain. Sending speed-boats and make-shift medieval vessels, full of illegal immigrants in a 360 hemisphere.

The only way this circumstance changes, is if they equip me with a G.I. Joe suit and send me in there with dual wield unlimited ammo dessert eagles with (FMJ armor penetrating bullets) to eliminate the Saudi-backed Terrorists groups. The terrorists operating through Africa have more man-power, technology, and funding than the entire continent combined. Terrorists are using brand new 2019 armored Toyota 4Runners that are being purchased in Saudi Arabia and magically appearing in Niger and Mali.


Nearly all of the comments here are a good reason why many outside the continent have zero clue of what's going on there. And perhaps it should remain so: less completion for them.

I think the conventional wisdom is that a young workforce coupled with low labor costs, accommodative expansionary economic policies to incentivize growth, and a strong rule of law that favors investors is a winning formula for growing your country because that's worked for most other developing nations.

The concern I have has nothing to do with Africa's current problems, it's that the paradigm of more labor = more productivity is likely to become more and more irrelevant as automation progresses. People talk about how developing countries often leapfrog past technologies (I.e. skipping landlines and going directly to owning cell phones / smart phones is a classic example in Africa and the developing world). I would argue the same can be said about manufacturing and increasingly medium to high skilled office jobs where automation may be, if not eliminating workers, reducing the needed labor for the same output. It's happening in the developed world and will undoubtedly occur in Africa at the same time. I don't think it means they're fucked, if anything these past few months have shown how capital markets can function semi-independently from the "real" Main Street economy where the foundation is employment and real wages. If you are just now growing up as a country but there are no inflationary pressures on wages and fewer incentives to attend higher education due to the increasing sophistication of machine learning... well, I don't know what kind of society that breeds but it's not one I would likely recommend living in for very long. In the U.S. you see this kind of erosion in bargaining power for lower wage workers most severely impacted by automation and outsourcing (Rust Belt), imagine that in an even more destitute society. I would be willing to bet if you conducted a study overlay of these people in the U.S. they would correlate highly with: deaths of despair (higher incidence of drug overdose deaths), higher levels of criminality and political polarization (populism is a well known side effect of financial crises and corporate bailouts). That is the future for some of these countries, they will leapfrog U.S. prosperity in the 1950s-2000s and realize they suddenly have developed world problems without the safety nets and wealth of a developed world economy. Pessimistic as hell of me, I don't doubt insane amounts of wealth can and will be generated by tapping Africa's natural resources and its growing educated workforce, and I don't doubt many of Africa's countries will grow quickly enough to have a fighting chance once automation really starts to impact us all... but I think the distribution of wealth will be severely stratified in the laggards at a critical moment in their development cycle. Countries that should be growing GDP +6% annually to catch up with the world as China and India will see much more anemic growth in sectors traditionally driven by strong lower-middle class consumer demand.

Mumbai and Lagos are two different cases except topography. We can not compare facilities, infrastructure and business engagement. I have been to both places yes I agree traffic and crowd is issue but Mumbai is always ahead and will be.